Advances in mechanical devices such as the typographical press, the quadrant and the sliding gauge
Advances in mechanical devices such as the typographical press, the quadrant and the sliding gauge held account so that the series production of the charts and the skill make the precise reproductions starting from the more precise data. Optical technology, such as the telescope, the sextant and other devices which use telescopes, allowed to study precise ground and capacity of the mapmakers and navigators to find their latitude by measuring angles with star of north the night or sun at midday.